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Water Resources

Irrigation, Drainage and Water Management

Optimal utilization of scarce water resources is a necessity. Hence, planning, development and management of Surface and Ground Water Resources for Irrigation is one of the most important fields of activity at WAPCOS.
Over the years, WAPCOS has provided a complete package of consultancy services in water resource development, including Irrigation, Agriculture and Water Management. It covers all aspects of Hydrology, design of Irrigation Network from headworks down to Micro-Distribution System, Canal Automation, preparation of Reservoir Operation and Maintenance Manuals, Institutional Arrangements, design of Modern Irrigation Application Systems (Sprinkler/ Drip), Agronomy, Extension Services, Agro-Economics, Training, etc.

Irrigation

  • Surveys & investigations
  • Feasibility studies
  • Preliminary & detailed designs of irrigation structures
  • Distribution system & micro level planning and designs
  • Operation & maintenance
  • Construction supervision
  • Upstream and downstream control, conveyance systems
  • Canal automation

Drainage

  • Detailed designs of surface & sub-surface drainage
  • Implementation of surface and sub-surface drainage systems
  • Sociological studies for farmers participation
  • Bio-drainage
  • Water audit for control of seepage losses
  • Water balance and salt balance studies
  • Audit of seepage losses
  • Water balance & salt balance studies

Irrigated Agriculture

  • Agronomical practices
  • Agriculture planning
  • Soil surveys
  • Land use planning
  • Land levelling and grading
  • Cropping & farming strategies
  • Horticulture

Irrigated Agriculture Environment

  • Water logging
  • Salinity
  • Soil and water conservation
  • Dry land farming
  • Integrated watershed management

Water Management

  • Allocation & distribution
  • Warabandi
  • Water users association
  • On-farm development

Socio-Economic Evaluation

  • Socio-economic baseline survey
  • Monitoring & evaluation
  • Farmers training & participation
  • Farm planning
  • Strategies for production, transportation, storage and outlet centres

Core Consultancy

  • Detailed Project Reports
  • Macro and micro planning
  • Contract management
  • Rehabilitation/ Modernization
  • Conjunctive use of surface & ground water
  • Monitoring & performance evaluation
  • Participatory irrigation & drainage management

Ground Water Exploration & Minor Irrigation

WAPCOS employs advanced techniques of Aeromagnetic Surveys, Remote Sensing & Photo Interpretation and have acquired expertise in ground water resources appraisal both in investigations and mathematical modelling besides building up knowledge & experience for conjunctive use of surface & ground water, duly accounting for problems of salinity ingress and drainage on one hand and falling ground water table due to over exploitation of the resource on the other.
Minor irrigation schemes dependent on ground water reserves contribute to sustainable agriculture development and WAPCOS over the years has taken up several similar studies in India and abroad, covering all aspects of minor irrigation like selection of crops, crop water requirement, financial analysis, master plan studies using satellite imageries and prioritization for phased implementation, etc.

Ground Water

Investigation & Exploration

  • Drilling in hard rock, alluvial and river bed, testing and logging
  • Geophysical prospecting remote sensing
  • Aquifer delineation
  • Well-field development evaluation of aquifer
  • Well characteristics
  • Well-design
  • Optimal pumping

Spatial Studies

  • Waterlogging
  • Salinity control
  • Ground water pollution
  • Ground water modelling
  • Ground water monitoring and legislation

Hydrogeological Surveys

  • Identification of aquifers
  • Yield assessment
  • Quality assessment
  • Water balance studies

Recharge Studies

  • Artificial recharge
  • Well injection recharge
  • Rehabilitation of wells

Minor Irrigation

Preparation of Master Plan for Minor Irrigation

  • Assessment of water resources
  • Crop water requirement and other requirements
  • Identification of schemes through satellite imageries and assessment of resources
  • Energy requirements for lift schemes Financial analysis
  • Prioritization of implementation for employment generation and relief to drought & famine and flood prone areas

Monitoring & Evaluation of Minor Irrigation Projects

  • Base line socio-economic surveys
  • Annual evaluation
  • Technical appraisal
  • Quality control
  • Performance evaluation

Core Consultancy

  • Modernization / Renovation of old minor irrigation schemes

Flood Control & River Morphology

Floods create havoc and cause a lot of damage to life and property from year to year. River management aspects have acquired new dimensions due to increasing urbanisation along the rivers, encroachment of flood plains and human interference by developmental activities. The focus is on treating the river basin as a whole covering geomorphological aspects, damage frequency analysis, risk assessment, evaluation, risk coverage through insurance etc. with emphasis on flood forecasting and disaster management.
Rivers frequently damage land and property adjacent to their banks. Rivers in alluvial plains also frequently alter their courses. It is essential to stabilize the river channels along alignments to provide safe passage to floods, prevent outflanking of bridges, embankments, etc.

Hydrometeorology

  • Site selection
  • Equipment selection
  • Hydrological network planning
  • Data collection & analysis
  • GD curves preparation
  • Sedimentation studies

Flood Management

Special Studies

  • River morphology
  • Damage frequency analysis
  • Risk evaluation
  • Geomorphology
  • Flood routing studies
  • River bank protection studies
  • Morphological model studies
  • Telemetry network design
  • Institutional arrangements
  • Phased implementation programme for priority flood relief measures
  • Shelter areas location
  • Relief measures
  • Lean flow problems of shoal formation
  • Navigation alignments and channel maintenance
  • Guidance for boats & navigational aids arrangement
  • Emergency action plans
  • Back water studies
  • River carrying capacity
  • Safety of approaches to regulation structures

Structural Measures

  • Dams/ reservoirs
  • Flood levees
  • River channelization
  • Drainage improvement
  • Bye-pass channels
  • Detention reservoirs
  • River training and anti-erosion works
  • Watershed development

Non-Structural Measures

  • Flood forecasting and warning
  • Flood plain zoning
  • Flood proofing
  • Flood utilization in scarce water resource areas
  • Flood insurance
  • Disaster management

Dam & Reservoir Engineering

WAPCOS has a wide range of experience in dams and reservoir engineering particularly monsoon originated floods accentuation with perennial flows covering hill and plain topography.
A large number of concrete, masonry (gravity and arch) and earth-cum-rock fill dams have been designed by WAPCOS engineers and are now effectively operational in India and abroad. Safety of existing dams, particularly the old dams is receiving focussed attention worldwide considering ageing of dams, the standards and criterion required to be adopted under the state-of-art technology.

Design and Construction

  • Pre-construction investigations, geophysical tests, foundation exploration, grout tests, blasting techniques, controlled explosive design
  • Hydraulic & detailed design of structures, cost estimates
  • Model tests and studies
  • Technical specifications
  • Tender engineering
  • Construction drawings
  • Management and monitoring of construction Inspection and Certification
  • Operation and maintenance planning
  • Guidelines for filling, emptying schedules and gate operation schedules

Hydrology

  • Dependable yields
  • Sedimentation studies
  • Design flood and frequency analysis for permanent and temporary structures
  • Flood routing
  • Lake evaporation
  • Water storage planning

Investigations

  • Reconnaissance surveys, engineering
  • Geo-technical and other sub-soil (Foundation) investigations
  • Exploratory drilling and testing
  • Construction material surveys
  • Seepage and grout intake studies

Dam Safety and Surveillance

  • Hydrological review
  • Structural design review
  • Hydraulic design review
  • Stability review
  • Spillway design
  • Seismic studies
  • Life of reservoir
  • Dam rehabilitation
  • Dam break modelling
  • Disaster management plans

Instrumentation

  • Telemetry network
  • Selection of type of equipment
  • Inspection before and during installation
  • Monitoring and data analysis

Core Consultancy

  • Reservoir regulation

Water Bodies & Lake Conservation

WAPCOS undertakes channelization, landscaping and abatement of pollution studies to focus on following issues:

  • Channelization
  • Landscaping
  • Abatement of Pollution

Channelization

  • Impacts of channelization in the geometric and hydraulic characteristics of the water bodies and in some cases of the flood plain as well
  • Channelization for navigational purposes
  • Channelization for flood control
  • Channelization to reclaim land for various purposes such as landscaping, roads, agriculture etc
  • Channelization to reduce bank erosion and siltation
  • Channelization to control growth of weeds on banks of water bodies

Landscaping

  • Planning for development of banks to attract tourists
  • Planning for recreational spots
  • Planning for development of parks, public utility places along the water bodies
  • Planning for commercial activities
  • Planning for developing infrastructure like roads, promenades cycle track, walkways etc
  • Planning for beautification of water bodies by impounding water in the water bodies

Abatement of Pollution

  • Planning for STPs along the water bodies
  • Planning of sewer line
  • Planning for solid waste management

Agriculture Including Dryland Farming

WAPCOS provides natural resources management consulting services to help clients sustain their business enterprise in the face of increasing economic, environmental, natural resource and societal challenges.

Areas of Consultancy

  • Soil survey and classification
  • Land evaluation for Value-based land utilization
  • Agricultural intensification
  • Identification and management of problem soils for productive agriculture
  • Integrated water management for improved performance of irrigated agriculture
  • Rain water management for improved performance of rain-fed agriculture
  • Monitoring and evaluation of agricultural change
  • Agricultural marketing
  • Value-chain additions in agriculture (Production to Consumption)

Core Consultancy

  • Detailed Project Reports
  • Macro and micro planning
  • Contract management
  • Rehabilitation/ modernization
  • Conjunctive use of surface & ground water
  • Monitoring & performance evaluation
  • Participatory irrigation & drainage management

Rainfed & Irrigated Agriculture

Services Offered

  • Land irrigability evaluation
  • Design of cropping pattern
  • Farm water management
  • Crop yield studies
  • Command area development
  • Estimation of crop water requirement
  • Horticulture development
  • Crop diversification
  • Monitoring and impact assessment of agriculture development projects

Water Shed Management

Watershed management programme is aimed to promote rural economy adopting participatory approach and group action through nurturing community based organization. The programme designed to promote groundwater recharge, soil and moisture conservation, afforetation and water harvesting for ecological balance, to giving impetus to agriculture and allied sectors. The specialized divisions of WAPCOS conducting consultancy assignment for preparation of DPRs, Baseline Survey Studies, mid and post Project Evaluation including economic analysis for watershed management programme. The activities such as documentation of learning, success story, videography, and training programme for stakeholders are organized on requirement basis.

WAPCOS undertakes watershed management to focus on following issues:

  • Growing competition for water, resulting in a higher value being placed on available supplies and, ultimately, goods and services being redefined in terms of their water content — this could be exacerbated by declining water availability and quality in many areas
  • Economic pressures resulting in more user fees, cost sharing, and local financing of water programs, with a concurrent shift in emphasis from water development activities to environmental programs and demand management
  • Increased focus on water conservation and re-use in all phases of project development— in some areas, reclaimed water now costs less than freshwater supply
  • Environmental legislation designed to hold polluters and users accountable for their impacts on available supplies
  • Legal trends towards forcing users and water managers to justify their uses, needs, and management practices more rigorously, and the likely increase in the priority accorded to environmental water uses (e.g., fish and wildlife habitat) versus the traditional economic uses (e.g., agriculture and industry) in legal proceedings
  • Basin and regional water planning to resolve trans-boundary issues and disputes

Watershed Management addresses following issues:

  • Integrated water-resources development and management
  • Water-resources assessment and impacts of climate change and other natural and manmade changes in the watershed
  • Protection of water resources, water quality, and aquatic ecosystems
  • Water and sustainable urban development and drinking water supply and sanitation in the urban context
  • Water for sustainable food production and rural development and drinking water supply and sanitation in the rural context
  • Mechanisms for implementation and coordination at the national, regional, and local levels

Natural Resources Management

Natural resource management refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations. Natural resource management is congruent with the concept of sustainable development, a scientific principle that forms a basis for sustainable global land management and environmental governance to conserve and preserve natural resources.
WAPCOS provides natural resources management consulting services to help clients sustain their business enterprise in the face of increasing economic, environmental, natural resource and societal challenges.

Project Appraisal

  • Soil Survey and Land Capability Evaluation
  • Land Use Planning
  • Integrated Management Plan for Watershed Development
  • Joint Forest Management and Preparation of Micro Plans
  • Rain Water Harvesting and Water Conservation
  • Master Plan Preparation for Natural Resources Management
  • Wasteland Development
  • Catchment Area Treatment Plan
  • Water Logging and Agriculture Drainage
  • Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation Programme

Water Harvesting Structures

  • Identification of Sites for Water Harvesting Structures
  • Site Surveys
  • Design of Structures
    • Location Specific
    • Utility Specific
  • Cost Estimation using Local Technology and Material
  • Tender Document Preparation and Evaluation
  • Construction Supervision
  • Maintenance After Construction

Augmenting Water Availability

  • Water Harvesting
    • Dug Wells
    • Masonry/Earthen Bunds
  • Ground Water Recharge
    • Check Dams
    • Percolation Tanks
    • Injection Wells
  • Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting
  • Soil Moisture Conservation

Human Resources Development

Enhancing the capabilities of manpower is taken up in WAPCOS systematically to meet the future challenges. WAPCOS puts its executives through refresher/training courses in a number of disciplines under its MOU commitments.
Technology adopted in the planning, implementation and operation of Water Resources Projects, is in a continuous state of evolution, with due regard to the local conditions viz.
Technical input, clientele aspirations and market forces. In order to ensure that the technocrats involved as well as the beneficiaries are able to interact meaningfully to realise full benefits of the project, it is imperative that training and exchange of information, as well as of experiences, be arranged on a continuing basis. Apart from its inhouse faculty, the company has the benefit of being able to draw upon the services of specialists from its supporting organisations as well as research and development institutions, within the country.

Irrigation Management through Training Workshops

  • Water Resources Engineering Economics
  • Water Resources Engineering Economics
  • Computer Aided Planning for Irrigation and Water Resources
  • Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Water Resources
  • Flood Management
  • Geophysical Investigations for Engineering Projects
  • Project Hydrology
  • Water Harvesting Schemes
  • Hydrology of Small Catchments
  • Crop Water Requirements and Water Budget
  • Chak Development
  • Conveyance and Distribution System
  • Economic Analysis of Hill Area Projects
  • Integration Project Planning and Management

Command Area Development Through Field Visits

  • Dams/ reservoirs
  • Irrigation Water Requirements and Water Budget
  • Distribution Network Design and Water Management
  • Anti-Water Logging and Drainage of Soils
  • On-Farm Development
  • Rotational Water Supply
  • Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation
  • Resources and Input Optimisation
  • Monitoring and Evaluation of CAD Works
  • Water User's Association
  • Economics of Various CAD Components
  • Management Information System (MIS)
  • Farmer's Participation
  • Project Monitoring
  • Programme Performance Evaluation
  • Adaptive Trials in Command Area
  • Socio-Economic Benchmark Survey

Infrastructure Development

  • 1D and 2D mathematical Modelling Techinque in Providing Engineering Solutions for Reverine, Creak, Coastal and Harbour Development Projects
  • Rural and Urban Water Supply Engineering
  • Roads & Bridges
  • Leak Detection and Reduction
  • Storm Water Drainage (Design and Execution)
  • Computer Applications
  • Project Performance Evaluation
  • Water Use Efficiency
  • Water Quality Monitoring

Irrigation Projects

  • Contract Management
  • Operation and Maintenance
  • Design of Distribution Network
  • Quality Control in Construction
  • Monitoring Projects Using Network Techniques
  • Project Appraisal

Power Projects

  • Operation and Maintenance
  • Upgrading of Existing System
  • Tariff Structuring
  • Organisation and Accounting System
  • Investigations for Planning and Formulation of Hydro Power Projects